The centre is Tudmir and the circle is Blanca.

As a foreigner I am always interested in the local history of a place, and the more I read about the place, the more I am interested in knowing more of its history. Something like that occurred while I was investigating the history of the village of Blanca which lies in the Ricote Valley of the...

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1009-1010 Sulayman II (Caliphate of Cordoba)

Sulayman II ibn al-Hakam (or Sulayman al-Musta’in) (died 1016) was the fifth Umayyad caliph of Córdoba, ruling from 1009 to 1010, and from 1013 to 1016 in Al-Andalus. In 1009, after Muhammad II ibn Hisham had led a revolution against caliph Hisham II al-Hakam and imprisoned him taking  advantage...

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1008-1009 Muhammad II (Caliphate of Cordoba)

When Abd al-Rahman went on an expedition against King Alfonso V of León (February 1009), the citizens of Córdoba rose against him. They were led by Muhammad II al-Mahdi, a member of the dynasty of the Umayyads. Muhammad II al-Mahdi dethroned his relative Hisham II, became the new caliph, and destroyed...

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961-976 Al-Hakam II (Caliphate of Cordoba)

Hakam II. al-Mustansir (961-976), Abdurrahman’s son, ascended the throne in mature years, and continued his father’s policy. A lover of books, he gave protection to writers and thinkers who were not strictly orthodox. From his Christian neighbours he had nothing to fear. The anarchy which broke out...

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929-961 Abd ar-Rahman III (Caliphate of Cordoba)

See previous description of ABD-AR-RAHMAN III. (912-961) during the Independent Emirate. Tudmir The majority of the Christian inhabitants of Orihuela (Auraiola) and al-Andalus became Muslims[1]. Ofcourse the process took many years, but was speed up in the ninth and tenth centuries. These...

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912-929 Abd ar-Rahman III (Independent Emirate)

Abd-ar-Rahman III. (912-961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of his dynasty in Spain.He ascended the throne when he was barely twenty-two and reigned for half a century. His life was so completely identified with the government of the state that he offers less material for...

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888-912 Abdullah ibn Muhammad (Independent Emirate)

Abdullah ibn Muhammad; January 11, 844 – October 15, 912) of the Umayyad dynasty was the seventh Emir of Córdoba, reigning from 888 to 912 in the Al-Andalus. Contemporary historians accused Abdullah of orchestrating the death of his elder brother, al-Mundhir, whereby he ascended to power. This...

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